February 22 – Gulf War: Iraq accepts a Russian-proposed cease fire agreement. Another was unemployment, which experienced the longest period of monthly increase since the Great Depression. The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in the history of the United States.. Fast Facts. Despite this, economic growth continued apace through early 2008 and unemployment dropped below 5%.[6]. [115] However Hillary Clinton did succeed, along with a bipartisan coalition of members of congress, in establishing the Children's Health Insurance Program. In 2009, the FBI estimated 1,318,000 violent crimes occurred nationwide, 1,425,000 in 2000, down from the 1991 level of 1,912,000. Many small towns were devastated and agricultural losses were significant. Antiwar protests occurred around the US and numerous other countries, mostly carried out by left-wing organizations, but some on the right and various military and diplomatic figures also doubted the wisdom of this venture. On the domestic front, the Democrats won a return to the White House with the election of Bill Clinton in 1992. Test your understanding of History of the United States (1991–present) concepts with Study.com's quick multiple choice quizzes. Oil prices tripled after 2002, peaking at $147 in July 2008, about $4 a gallon; the price has continued to fluctuate widely. The U.S. expelled an Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait, a Middle Eastern ally of the U.S., in the Persian Gulf War. The storm was particularly crippling to the Southern United States, where places like Birmingham, Alabama received one-and-a-half feet of snow and record low temperatures, highly unusual for the region. Ross Perot ran for a second time, but was not allowed at the debate between Clinton and Dole and failed to attract as much support as he had in 1992. • January 2 – Sharon Pratt Dixon is sworn in as mayor of the District of Columbia, thus becoming the first African-American woman to be mayor of a major U.S. city. Some important allies of the U.S., including India, Japan, Turkey, New Zealand, France, Germany, and Canada, did not believe that the evidence for the President's accusations was well-founded enough to justify a full-scale invasion, especially as military personnel were still needed in Afghanistan. In September 2008, after two straight years of not being affected by a serious hurricane, Hurricane Gustav caused $18 billion in damage in Louisiana, and a few weeks later, the Galveston, Texas and Houston, Texas areas were devastated by Hurricane Ike with over $31 billion in damage, making Ike the third most destructive hurricane ever to hit the United States behind Hurricanes Andrew and Katrina. Subscribe. At least 1,800 lives were lost in the worst domestic calamity since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane. On the morning of September 11, 2001, four airliners were hijacked by 19 members of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. These incidents led to a public outcry and demands for stricter laws against sex offenders, the most notable of which was Jessica's Law. In all, the outbreak resulted in 50 deaths and over 600 injuries. In all, 300 deaths were attributed to the storm and $6 billion in damage was caused. [118] A public backlash forced Speaker Gingrich to resign after a poor showing in the 1998 midterm elections. English people in 1607 went to the place now called Jamestown, Virginia.Other European settlers went to the colonies, mostly from England and later Great Britain. While public attention focused on supplies from the Middle East, the main source was Canada. 5th January » Georgia (country) named Georgian forces enter Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia or South Ossetia, Georgia, opening the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War. Category page. The outbreak was the deadliest outbreak in the US in 23 years, and brought renewed attention to the dangers of nighttime tornadoes, winter tornadoes, and the vulnerability of populations in the Southern United States. In 2006, criticism over the handling of the disastrous Hurricane Katrina (which struck the Gulf Coast region in 2005), political scandals, and the growing unpopularity of the Iraq War helped the Democrats gain control of Congress. *FREE* shipping on eligible orders. This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1990 to present.. 1990s. 10,000 homes were destroyed and 15 million acres (61,000 km2) of agricultural lands were inundated. Along with strong backing from traditional Democrats and liberals, Clinton was able to garner the support of moderates[who?] Edwards III, George C. and Desmond King, eds. The war began in January 1991, with U.S. troops forming the majority of the coalition which participated in Operation Desert Storm. Major components of the plan included a pay-as-you-go plan for reducing the deficit; enacting the 9/11 Commission recommendations; increasing the federal minimum wage to $7.25 an hour; allowing the government to negotiate directly with pharmaceutical companies to secure lower drug prices for Medicare patients; and ending large tax subsidies for big oil companies to help foster energy independence.[123]. [57] The Bush administration later began making a public case for an invasion of Iraq, accusing them of violating the 1991 UN-imposed ceasefire, supporting terrorism and being in possession of weapons of mass destruction (later, the latter of these accusations were proved to be false, and the first two are considered very dubious by most historians).[58]. President Bush was succeeded on January 20, 2009 by Barack Obama, a Democratic senator from Illinois. who appreciated his centrist "New Democrat" policies, which steered away from the expansion of government services of the New Deal and Great Society and allowed him to "triangulate", taking away many of the Republicans' top issues. Rita caused the largest evacuation in U.S. history, as millions of people fled the Houston area, as well as portions of Louisiana. In August 2005, the powerful Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast region. [20] In early 1998, the region became volatile again as war erupted between the army of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Kosovo Liberation Army, a guerrilla group. Buy History of the United States (1991-present) by Jesse Russell, Ronald Cohn (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. In United States v. Eichman, the Supreme Court overturns a 1989 federal law that made it illegal to burn the United States flag. Additionally, power failures and lack of adequate warning and general preparedness aggravated the situation and may have contributed to such high fatalities. [24], Throughout the 1990s, the United States also played an active role in peace efforts in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The Great Flood of 1993 affected the Midwestern United States in the spring and summer of that year, devastating large portions of the Mississippi and Missouri River Valleys and their tributaries. The hurricanes also caused gas prices to spike to around $4 per gallon. [66] While McVeigh wanted to specifically target the federal agencies involved in the Waco siege, such as the ATF and DEA,[67] the bombing killed many innocent civilians, including 19 children. The U.S. expelled an Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait, a Middle Eastern ally of the U.S., in the Persian Gulf War. ; 9th January » Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The 1990s was a decade often remembered for its relative prosperity and peace, as well as the rise of the Internet and 1990s fashion, movies and music. History of the United States 1991 Present. [82] Measured per capita, this was a 43% percent drop in violent crime rates. In July 1995, the city of Chicago was hit by a heat wave that had severe repercussions. History of the United States (1980-1991) The new law required welfare recipients to work as a condition of benefits and imposed limits on how long individuals may receive payments, but did allow states to exempt 20% of their caseloads from the time limits. Over 100 people were killed. Once the President concluded economic sanctions wouldn't work – and Iraq wouldn't back down – his only option was war", "U.S. Army Buried Iraqi Soldiers Alive in Gulf War", "Somalia: U.S. 4 26 1991 storm reports.png 503 × 347; 13 KB. [62] After a lull, he began another mail bombing campaign in earnest, beginning in 1993. Clinton's surgeon general, Jocelyn Elders, attracted controversy over public remarks that "it would be good for parents to teach their children about masturbation". Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, a mysterious man known in the media as the "Unabomber" sent mail bombs to figures in the academic and airline industries for various reasons. The heat index pushed 120 degrees on many days. Following the success of the First Gulf War, George H. W. Bush enjoyed very high approval ratings as president. Mexican American history of 1991‎ (13 F) ... Media in category "1991 in the United States" The following 16 files are in this category, out of 16 total. Pages in category "History of the United States (1991–present)" The following 59 pages are in this category, out of 59 total. The Internet and related technologies made their first broad penetrations into the economy, prompting a Wall Street technology-driven bubble, which Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan described in 1996 as "irrational exuberance". In the wake of Bush's political problems, Bill Clinton won the 1992 contest with 43% of the vote in a three-way race against Bush's 38%. [8] The United Nations condemned the invasion as an act of aggression;[9] President Bush compared Hussein to Adolf Hitler and declared that if the United States and international community did not act, aggression would be encouraged elsewhere in the world. Throughout the 1990s the world price of crude oil ranged between $10 and $40, and the average price at the pump did not exceed $1.40. [10][11] The Security Council gave Iraq a deadline to leave Kuwait, but Saddam Hussein ignored it, and the Security Council authorized a military response. [106] In the economic stimulus package signed by President Obama in early 2009, billions of dollars were allocated for research and development of new energy sources. On March 10, 2000, the NASDAQ peaked at 5,048.62,[4] more than double its value just a year before. [63] Two people were killed in the mid-1990s and an exhaustive and expensive investigation by the FBI coupled with intense national media interest in the story resulted in the identification and arrest of the perpetrator Theodore Kaczynski, who was sentenced to life in prison. In 2007, President Bush ordered a troop surge in Iraq, which ultimately led to reduced casualties. The event brought increased attention to these segments of the population and the importance of reaching out to them during heat waves, as well as the concept of the urban heat island effect, in which urban environments exacerbate heat and humidity levels. The actions of Harris and Klebold would go on to influence many future mass killers. [114] Bill Clinton's proposal of a national health care system, championed by his wife Hillary Clinton,[115] ignited a political firestorm on the right, which vigorously opposed it on the general principle that government size should be reduced, not expanded. The year 2001 was plagued by a nine-month recession, witnessing the end of the boom psychology and performance, with output increasing only 0.3% and unemployment and business failures rising. Led by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, a wave of bombings and beheadings of captives occurred, including the highly publicized killing of government contractor Nick Berg. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXI, Chile, 1969–1973 Republicans also made gains in both houses of Congress. However, dozens of start-up Internet companies failed as many of the lofty promises heralded by the new world of the Web failed to materialize. Zarqawi was killed by US troops in 2005. Ineffective policing strategies led to a mounting death toll among soldiers, but eventually in 2007 a campaign known as "The Surge" began where the US Army launched a large-scale anti-terrorism offensive. [36] After discovering that their plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was going to be used as a missile, passengers attempted to regain control of the plane which had been redirected towards Washington, D.C.[37] However, after regaining control from the hijackers, the plane crashed near a rural community near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. On October 12, 2000, al-Qaeda militants bombed the USS Cole off the coast of Yemen, killing 17 U.S. sailors and severely damaging the ship.[33]. An emergency bailout package for the airline industry was passed, and stocks fell dramatically when markets re-opened the following week. October 3, 1991 - The governor of Arkansas, William Jefferson Clinton, announces his intention to seek the 1992 Democratic nomination for the Presidency of the United States. [25] However, Rabin was assassinated in 1995 and by 2000, the Camp David Summit failed to yield a new agreement. [70] This was followed by similar attacks at two abortion clinics and a lesbian nightclub. On the domestic front, the Democrats won a return to the White House with the election of Bill Clinton in 1992. [3], Early 2000 to 2001 saw the dramatic bursting of the dot-com bubble. Rita resulted in over 100 fatalities, the vast majority of which were indirect, occurring during the evacuation or in the aftermath of the storm. "Truck Bomb Kills 19 Americans at an Air Base in Saudi Arabia Mideast: Explosion tears through military housing facility, injuring more than 300 people. The United States had tried to bring food aid to the country starting in April of 1992 in "Operation Provide Comfort" but … As a result, Yugoslavia withdrew from Kosovo and Kosovo became an independent state. Cartoon History of the United States (Cartoon History of the Modern World) (Cartoon Guide Series) Although in real terms oil prices fell back to pre-1973 levels through the 1980s, resulting in a windfall for the oil-consuming nations (especially North America, Western Europe, and Japan), the vast reserves of the leading Middle East producers guaranteed the region its strategic importance. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Islamic radicals overseas loudly threatened assaults against the U.S. for its ongoing military presence in the Middle East, and even staged the first World Trade Center attack, a truck bombing in New York's twin towers, in 1993, as well as a number of deadly attacks on U.S. interests abroad. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources but was discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The first year of the budget surplus was also the first year since 1969 in which the federal government did not borrow from the Social Security Trust Fund. [125], Conflicts in Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Middle East, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Timothy J. Considine, "The Economic Impacts of the Marcellus Shale: Implications for New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia," (2010), History of the United States (1991-present), dubious accounting practices in some major corporations, bombed the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, the most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history, research and development of new energy sources, Remarks including response to Monica Lewinsky scandal (January 26, 1998), Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, Timeline of United States history (1990–present), Study: Immigration grows, reaching record numbers, "NASDAQ hits the big time stock record lights up times square", ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/aat1.txt, "Operation Desert Storm: Ten Years Later", "HOW BUSH DECIDED He sees Saddam Hussein as another Hitler. On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners and attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in the September 11 attacks, killing nearly 3,000 and injuring over 6,000 people. [21] A 1999 NATO bombing campaign struck Yugoslavia, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of Yugoslavian soldiers and civilians. 2005 brought the most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history. [34] The first hijacked airliner, American Airlines Flight 11, struck the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 A.M. (EST) in New York City; with a second, United Airlines Flight 175, striking the South Tower less than twenty minutes later at 9:03 A.M. (EST), resulting in the collapse of both 110 story skyscrapers, and the destruction of the World Trade Center. The Capital Region was struck by the Beltway sniper attacks, a series of sniper attacks on civilians and federal workers by two gunmen over a month-long period in October 2002. After six weeks of combat between the coalition and the Iraqi army, the invading forces had secured control of many key regions; Hussein had fled his palace, his regime clearly over; on May 1, President Bush declared, under a sign reading "mission accomplished", that major ground operations were at an end. History of the United States (1980-1991) [LLC, Books] on Amazon.com.au. On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon re-entry to the Earth over parts of Texas and Louisiana during STS-107, resulting in the deaths of all seven astronauts. Historical Events for the Year 1991. President Bush ordered all flights grounded and U.S. airspace remained closed for the rest of the week. A spate of school shootings rocked the country in the late 1990s and the 2000s, the most notable being the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, that left 15 people dead, including both perpetrators Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. Over 60 people were killed across Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, and Alabama and hundreds were injured. On Super Tuesday in February 2008, in the midst of heated primary elections in multiple states, a destructive tornado outbreak hit the Mid-South region, spawning dangerous nighttime twisters across the region. [72][73], In 2001, only days after the September 11 attacks, letters laced with anthrax were sent to several individuals, including prominent news personalities and government officials. Most of the fatalities were attributed to collapsed buildings, parking structures, or freeways. The history of the United States is what happened in the past in the United States, a country in North America.. An uninspired insider, Dole failed to attract the support of the GOP base and the incumbent president pulled to victory in the November election. With $26 billion in damage, it became the costliest storm in history at that time. The attack was intended to destroy the foundation of the North Tower, knocking the tower into the South Tower, which would destroy both buildings and kill thousands of people. The storm yielded the lowest pressure value ever recorded in history before making landfall in Florida, making it the most intense storm on record. [16] Under the leadership of newly elected President Bill Clinton, U.S. forces launched a concentrated attack on Aidid's stronghold in Mogadishu in Operation Gothic Serpent. The U.S. took a leading role in military involvement in the Middle East. [65] The attack's perpetrator, Timothy McVeigh, was an anti-government extremist who used the Waco Siege and Ruby Ridge incidents as justification for his retaliation against the federal government. Clinton also signed the Iraq Liberation Act to appropriate funds to Iraqi opposition groups in the hopes of overthrowing Hussein's regime and establishing democracy. The heat wave resulted in the deaths of over 700 people, many of whom were black, elderly, or poor. Despite tougher border scrutiny after the September 11 attacks, nearly 8 million immigrants came to the United States from 2000 to 2005—more than in any other five-year period in the nation's history. A total of 87 tornadoes were reported. [92] Two men were arrested and convicted.[93]. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States was the world's dominant military power and Japan, sometimes seen as the largest economic rival to the U.S., was caught in a period of stagnation. The history of recessions in the United States shows that they are a natural, though painful, part of the business cycle. Nevertheless, fighting with the Iraqi insurgency continued and escalated through the 2004 U.S. national elections and beyond. *FREE* shipping on eligible orders. In January 1996, the Blizzard of 1996 affected the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States, dumping up to 36 inches (91 cm) of snow on many areas, crippling major American cities like Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston. Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients (262) 20th-century American politicians (182) American male non-fiction writers (181) The tornado is one of the most prominent examples of a tornado striking a major urban area and became the first tornado to incur over $1 billion in damages. During a five-day spell from July 12 to 16, the high temperature hovered from the mid 90s to the mid 100s. In 1999, Republican Dennis Hastert of Illinois became Speaker of the House, a position he would hold until 2007, making him the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House. [94] The riots occurred primarily in South Central Los Angeles, a predominantly black and Hispanic area. [119] Telecommunication usage by known and suspected terrorists was studied through the NSA electronic surveillance program. In addition, the president had a difficult time gaining the respect of the US military establishment due to having been painted as a Vietnam War draft dodger. The 1998 campaign, in particular, was meant to de-stabilize the Iraqi government and degrade the power of Hussein. Clinton was impeached in the United States House of Representatives, but acquitted at his trial by the U.S. [38] In total, the attacks killed 2,996 people—2,507 civilians, 343 firefighters, 72 law enforcement officers, 55 military personnel, and the 19 terrorists. Striking an urban area, it was very destructive, causing $20 billion in damage. [100] The incident resulted from a piece of foam insulation that fell off during launch, which struck the shuttle, creating a hole that allowed hot gases to penetrate the shuttle during re-entry. The U.S. took a leading role in military involvement in the Middle East. "[116] His wife Hillary described the allegations as fraudulent smears dredged up by a "vast right-wing conspiracy. In addition, it came out that Kerry, a Vietnam War veteran, had participated in antiwar protests after returning home in 1970, including throwing away his medals. On August 7, 1998, Al-Qaeda bombed the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. In his first term, Reagan introduced expansionary fiscal policies aimed at stimulatin Katrina broke the levees of New Orleans, Louisiana and flooded 80% of the low-lying city. [45][46] With the approval of the new Afghan Constitution by the Loya jirga and election of President Karzai in 2004, Afghanistan later held its first parliamentary elections in over 30 years in 2005. On May 3, 1999, a violent tornado outbreak struck the Southern Great Plains, predominantly Oklahoma. In the 1994 midterm election, the Republicans won control of Congress for the first time in 40 years. The history of the United States from 1991 to 2008 began after the fall of the Soviet Union which signaled the end of the Cold War and left the U.S. unchallenged as the world's sole superpower. Saddam Hussein's sons Qusay and Uday were killed by U.S. forces; Saddam himself was captured in December 2003 and taken into custody. April 26 – Seventy tornadoes break out in the central United States, killing 17 people. Two days later, the storm made landfall again in a sparsely populated part of Louisiana, with relatively less damage than in Florida. [77][78], The crime epidemic that had begun during the late 1960s finally reached its climax in the early 1990s before starting a steady decline during the Clinton administration. Edit. Enter your email. During Bill Clinton's presidency American political discourse focused mostly on domestic issues. Learn more on HISTORY.com. [47][48][49], With a total of 22,000 U.S. troops deployed in Afghanistan by May 2006,[50] the U.S. joined in the ISAF lead Operation Mountain Thrust. Late in 2003, Hussein was captured, and was subsequently put to trial before the Iraqi people and executed in 2006. Though his 2000 election had been the focus of intense controversy which led eventually to a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Bush v. Gore where the court ruled 5–4 in the former's favor by siding with the State of Florida's official vote count, Governor George W. Bush was sworn in as President on January 20, 2001. This list may not reflect recent changes (). Immediately, however, he was hurt when he had to withdraw major nominees (over nonpayment of taxes). 2. On February 26, 1993, a truck bomb was detonated at the World Trade Center in New York City, killing six civilians and injuring 919 others, 88 firefighters, and 35 police officers. The writing style is engaging and flows well. From the first English colonies to the Gulf War and the S&L debacle, Larry Gonick spells it all out from his unique cartoon perspective. )", "THE 1992 ELECTIONS: DISAPPOINTMENT – NEWS ANALYSIS An Eccentric but No Joke; Perot's Strong Showing Raises Questions On What Might Have Been, and Might Be", National Archives and Records Administration, "What proposals have been made to change the Electoral College system? [2] Almost half entered illegally. The U.S. expelled an Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait, a Middle Eastern ally of the U.S., in the Persian Gulf War. [88] In 2009, Congress passed the Matthew Shepard Act, which extended the hate crime law to women, the disabled, and gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transsexuals.[89]. Senate. The objective of the 2001 invasion, known as Operation Enduring Freedom, was to remove the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban lead government from power in Afghanistan, and to capture top level al-Qaeda leaders, including its founder Osama bin Laden. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Timeline of United States history (1990–2009), "WAR IN THE GULF: The President; BUSH HALTS OFFENSIVE COMBAT; KUWAIT FREED, IRAQIS CRUSHED", "Reality Winner Affidavit for Application of Search Warrant", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1991_in_the_United_States&oldid=1010940864, Articles needing additional references from July 2014, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, February 7 – Gulf War: Ground troops cross the. In mid-2002, President Bush announced that Iraq possessed chemical and nuclear weapons and posed a "clear and present danger" to stability in the Middle East. The New Deal, the Great Society, and Watergate helped solidify Democratic control of Congress, but the 1980s and early 1990s were a period of fragmentation of their coalition, when the popularity of Democratic incumbents as constituent servants masked growing disenchantment with Congress' governing capacities.

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